The programme featured music and propaganda. Radio broadcasts began in the Oromo language in Somalia in 1960 by Radio Mogadishu. Since the OLF left the transitional Ethiopian government in the early 1990s, the Oromo Peoples' Democratic Organization (OPDO) continued developing Oromo in Ethiopia. With the creation of the regional state of Oromia under the new system of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia, it has been possible to introduce Oromo as the medium of instruction in elementary schools throughout the region, including areas where other ethnic groups live speaking their languages, and as a language of administration within the region. Plans to introduce Oromo language instruction in schools, however, were not realized until the government of Mengistu Haile Mariam was overthrown in 1991, except in regions controlled by the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). All Oromo materials printed in Ethiopia at that time, such as the newspaper Bariisaa, Urjii and many others, were written in the traditional Ethiopic script.
Following the 1974 Revolution, the government undertook a literacy campaign in several languages, including Oromo, and publishing and radio broadcasts began in the language. The few works that had been published, most notably Onesimos Nesib's and Aster Ganno's translations of the Bible from the late 19th century, were written in the Ge'ez alphabet. Īfter Abyssinia annexed Oromo's territory, the language's development into a full-fledged writing instrument was interrupted.
The first printing of a transliteration of Oromo language was in 1846 in a German newspaper in an article on the Oromo in Germany. The first Oromo dictionary and grammar was produced by German scholar Karl Tutschek in 1844. In 1842, Johann Ludwig Krapf began translations of the Gospels of John and Matthew into Oromo, as well as a first grammar and vocabulary. In the 19th century, scholars began writing in the Oromo language using Latin script. The Oromo people use a highly developed oral tradition. See, for example, the Omotic-speaking Bambassi and the Nilo-Saharan-speaking Kwama in northwestern Oromiyaa. Within Africa, Oromo is the language with the fourth most speakers, after Arabic (if one counts the mutually unintelligible spoken forms of Arabic as a single language and assumes the same for the varieties of Oromo), Swahili, and Hausa.īesides first language speakers, a number of members of other ethnicities who are in contact with the Oromo speak it as a second language. Within Ethiopia, Oromo is the language with the largest number of native speakers. In Kenya, the Ethnologue also lists 722,000 speakers of Borana and Orma, two languages closely related to Ethiopian Oromo. In addition, in Somalia there are also some speakers of the language. Ībout 85 percent of Oromo speakers live in Ethiopia, mainly in the Oromia Region. Under Haile Selassie's regime, Oromo was banned in education, in conversation, and in administrative matters. It is used as an internet language for federal websites along with Tigrinya. It is a language of primary education in Oromia, Harari, Dire Dawa, Benishangul-Gumuz and Addis Ababa and of the Oromia Zone in the Amhara Region. Oromo serves as one of the official working languages of Ethiopia and is also the working language of several of the states within the Ethiopian federal system including Oromia, Harari and Dire Dawa regional states and of the Oromia Zone in the Amhara Region. Oromo is the most widely spoken Cushitic language and among the five languages of Africa with the largest mother-tongue populations. It is also spoken by smaller numbers of emigrants in other African countries such as South Africa, Libya, Egypt and Sudan. Forms of Oromo are spoken as a first language by an additional half-million people in parts of northern and eastern Kenya. With more than 36 million speakers making up 33.8% of the total Ethiopian population, Oromo has the largest number of native speakers in Ethiopia, and ranks as the second most widely spoken language in Ethiopia by total number of speakers (including second-language speakers) following Amharic. It is used as a lingua franca particularly in Ethiopia and northeastern Kenya. It is native to the Ethiopian state of Oromia and spoken predominantly by the Oromo people and neighbouring ethnic groups in the Horn of Africa.
Oromo ( / ˈ ɒr əm oʊ/ or / ɔː ˈ r oʊ m oʊ/ Oromo: Afaan Oromoo) is an Afroasiatic language that belongs to the Cushitic branch. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Areas in East Africa where Oromo is spoken
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